Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Natural History
Secondary pulmonary hypertension, CHF by 2 months of age
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Investigations
Large VSD:
Treatment
Most close spontaneously (small VSD)
Treatment of CHF and surgical closure (large VSD)
Source
Toronto Notes 2012
Secondary pulmonary hypertension, CHF by 2 months of age
Epidemiology
- Most common congenital heart defect (30-50% ofCHD)
Clinical Features
Symptoms
- •Asymptomatic, normal growth and development (small VSD)
- delayed growth and development, decreased exercise tolerance, recurrent URTis or
"asthma" episodes, CHF (large VSD)
- Early systolic to holosystolic murmur, best heard at left lower sternal border (small VSD)
- Holosystolic murmur at LLSB with thrill, mid-diastolic rumble at apex (large VSD)
Investigations
- ECG and CXR are normal (small VSD)
Large VSD:
- ECG: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left atrial hypertrophy (LAH), RVH
- CXR: increased pulmonary vasculature, cardiomegaly, CHF
Treatment
Most close spontaneously (small VSD)
Treatment of CHF and surgical closure (large VSD)
Source
Toronto Notes 2012